Correction: Maternal Monocytes Respond to Cell-Free Fetal DNA and Initiate Key Processes of Human Parturition

The cytokine response to cffDNA can induce endothelial activation. (A) Third trimester maternal PBMCs were stimulated overnight with Effectene alone or Effectene with cffDNA. CM from stimulated PBMCs (either CM or cffDNA CM) were harvested for overnight incubation with HUVECs. For designated wells, neutralizing Ab blocking TNF-α was added to supernatants from PBMCs treated with cffDNA CM. (B) Histograms from ICAM-1 and E-selectin staining of HUVECs from one representative experiment in which 10,000 single cells were collected for analysis. (C) Representative images of stained HUVECs with each treatment using ImageStream. (D) Third trimester maternal monocytes stimulated overnight with Effectene alone or Effectene with cffDNA. Supernatants from stimulated monocytes (either CM or cffDNA CM) were harvested for overnight incubation with HUVECs. For designated wells, neutralizing Ab blocking IL-1β was added to supernatants from monocytes treated with cffDNA CM. (E) Histograms from ICAM-1 and E-selectin staining of HUVECs from one representative experiment in which 10,000 single cells were collected for analysis. (F) Representative cell images of stained HUVECs using ImageStream. For all experiments, 10,000 single cells were collected and analyzed per replicate from each experiment (n = 2–3 donors). (A) and (D) represent median and IQR of the data. The p values were compared by Friedman test, with correction using false discovery rate for multiple comparison testing and two-stage linear step-up procedure of Benjamini, Krieger, and Yekutieli. Significant comparisons (p ≤ 0.05) are indicated by CM versus cffDNA CM (≠), cffDNA CM versus TNF-α or IL-1β block (Δ), and CM versus TNF-α or IL-1β block (φ).