Issues
IN THIS ISSUE
TRANSLATING IMMUNOLOGY
BRIEF REVIEWS
CUTTING EDGE
Cutting Edge: Synapse Propensity of Human Memory CD8 T Cells Confers Competitive Advantage over Naive Counterparts
Microcontact printing can be used to mimic spatially limiting Ag presentation.
High synapse propensity of human memory CD8 T cells prevents naive cell recruitment.
ANTIGEN RECOGNITION AND RESPONSES
Critical Roles for Coiled-Coil Dimers of Butyrophilin 3A1 in the Sensing of Prenyl Pyrophosphates by Human Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells
Part of the juxtamembrane of BTN3A1 proteins forms a coiled-coil dimer.
The coiled-coil dimer is critical for BTN3A1 stimulation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells.
B30.2 domains of BTN3A1 proteins also dimerize through a short coiled-coil region.
Coexpression of YY1 Is Required to Elaborate the Effector Functions Controlled by PLZF in NKT Cells
YY1-deficient NKT cells display cell-intrinsic developmental and functional defects.
YY1-deficient NKT cells maintain wild-type levels of PLZF expression.
YY1 and PLZF proteins associate with one another.
AUTOIMMUNITY
CD27 Promotes CD4+ Effector T Cell Survival in Response to Tissue Self-Antigen
The CD27 pathway on CD4+ T cells plays a role in driving skin autoimmunity.
CD27 signaling promotes survival by suppressing cell-extrinsic apoptosis.
CLINICAL AND HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY
Thymus-Derived Regulatory T Cells Exhibit Foxp3 Epigenetic Modification and Phenotype Attenuation after Mating in Mice
Seminal fluid primes Treg cells to elicit tolerance of male alloantigens.
Neuropilin-1+ Tregs of likely thymic origin are prevalent amongst responding T cells.
Neuropilin-1+ Tregs exhibit Foxp3 TSDR demethylation after seminal fluid contact.
IMMUNE REGULATION
The Transcriptional Regulator Id2 Is Critical for Adipose-Resident Regulatory T Cell Differentiation, Survival, and Function
The transcriptional regulator Id2 is highly expressed in aTregs.
Id2 is critical for the survival of aTregs.
Id2 is essential for the function of aTregs in preventing systemic inflammation.
The Alzheimer’s Disease–Associated Protein BACE1 Modulates T Cell Activation and Th17 Function
BACE1 is expressed in CD4+ T cells and regulates signaling events during activation.
BACE1-deficient T cells show reduced IL-17A expression in vitro.
BACE1−/− Th17 cells have impaired pathogenicity in EAE.
CD137 (4-1BB) Engagement Fine-Tunes Synergistic IL-15– and IL-21–Driven NK Cell Proliferation
Three signals are required to trigger NK cell proliferation.
4-1BBL fine-tunes NK cell proliferation but not NK cell cytolytic activity.
IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Identification of an Intronic Regulatory Element Necessary for Tissue-Specific Expression of Foxn1 in Thymic Epithelial Cells
REs critical for Foxn1 expression are in the first intron of Foxn1.
These elements are necessary for Foxn1 expression in TECs.
These elements are not required for Foxn1 expression in the skin.
IMMUNOTHERAPY AND VACCINES
Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Sustained Delivery of Low-Dose IFN-α
Recombinant adeno-associated virus expresses low and sustained levels of IFN-α.
AAV–IFN-α exerts a potent therapeutic effect and low toxicity in an EAE animal model.
NK Response Correlates with HIV Decrease in Pegylated IFN-α2a–Treated Antiretroviral Therapy–Suppressed Subjects
KIRs and NK cytotoxicity correlate with HIV control upon IFN-α immunotherapy.
NK activity–associated genes correlate with HIV DNA decline upon IFN-α immunotherapy.
A gene signature identifies subjects with no ISG modulation upon IFN-α immunotherapy.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND HOST RESPONSE
TRAILshort Protects against CD4 T Cell Death during Acute HIV Infection
TRAIL binding to TRAIL receptor R1 and R2 contributes to CD4 death during HIV infection.
Blocking TRAILshort, a TRAIL antagonist, increases death of HIV-infected and uninfected cells.
Homeostatic production of TRAILshort may protect cells from HIV-induced cell death.
Sepsis-Induced State of Immunoparalysis Is Defined by Diminished CD8 T Cell–Mediated Antitumor Immunity
Immunoparalysis phase of sepsis is characterized by increased tumor progression.
Effector PD-1hi CD8 TILs are reduced in frequency/function in sepsis survivors.
Checkpoint blockade therapy has a diminished window of efficacy in sepsis survivors.
INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION
The Pyroptotic Cell Death Effector Gasdermin D Is Activated by Gout-Associated Uric Acid Crystals but Is Dispensable for Cell Death and IL-1β Release
MSU crystals and alum rapidly activate GSDMD.
GSDMD is dispensable for MSU crystal– and alum-induced IL-1β release and cell death.
Cathepsins, caspases, and MLKL are not required for MSU crystal–induced cell killing.
SYSTEMS IMMUNOLOGY
SIMON, an Automated Machine Learning System, Reveals Immune Signatures of Influenza Vaccine Responses
Automated machine learning approach to identify vaccine-induced immune signatures.
Analysis of multidimensional clinical data collected across multiple cohorts.
Increasing predictive performance of models by using heterogenous clinical data.
NOVEL IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS
Dynamic Mitochondrial Migratory Features Associated with Calcium Responses during T Cell Antigen Recognition
Microfluidics provides precision for manipulating cell–cell interactions.
Complex mitochondrial movement occurs during initial T cell:APC synapse formation.
Mitochondrial positioning is a strong predictor of calcium response.
CORRECTIONS
Correction: Exosomes Derived from Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cell Lines Induce Proliferation, Differentiation, and Class-Switch Recombination in B Cells
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Cover Image
Cover Image
On the cover: Model of butyrophilin (BTN)3A1 composed of an IgV/IgC extracellular dimer, a B30.2 intracellular dimer, and a model of the proposed intracellular juxtamembrane coiled-coil dimer. The binding of (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate produced by microbes (left) and endogenous isopentenyl pyrophosphate (right) to the B30.2 domain leads to activation of human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Models of coiled-coil homodimers for human BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN3A3 and for alpaca and dolphin BTN3A3 are shown from top to bottom on extreme left. Wang, H., M. H. Nada, Y. Tanaka, S. Sakuraba, and C. T. Morita. 2019. Critical roles for coiled-coil dimers of butyrophilin 3A1 in the sensing of prenyl pyrophosphates by human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. J. Immunol. 203: 607–626.
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