Issues

Expression level of tissue Ag determines the fate of responding T cells in vivo.

Rapa rescues the generation of peripheral Foxp3⁺ T cells even at a high Ag dose.

A low level of endogenous tissue Ag differentiates stable Foxp3⁺ T cells in vivo.

CTL responses require overlap of directly and cross-presented peptide repertoires.

Apoptosis, but not necrosis, is associated with global protein aggregation.

Aggregation aids overlap of directly and cross-presented epitopes.

Siglec-15 on osteoclasts is crucial for bone erosion in an arthritis model.

Murine Siglec-15 is expressed almost exclusively on osteoclasts.

Human Siglec-15 is expressed broadly on myeloid cells of peripheral blood.

A-to-I RNA editing of Alu dsRNAs is markedly decreased in MS.

Endogenous Alu dsRNAs are potent activators of IFN and NF-κB responses.

Minor RNA editing of active Alu dsRNAs abrogates this activity.

Innate immune and stool microbiome signatures of HEU children are region specific.

Differences in HEU immune responses were unrelated to the microbiome.

Future immune studies of HEU children must be studied across diverse settings.

IFN signaling is ongoing in CLL patients treated with ibrutinib.

Ibrutinib modulates IFN-stimulated gene expression but preserves survival signaling.

Plasma-derived IgA induces death in neutrophils under inflammatory conditions.

IgA-mediated death involves PI3K-, p38 MAPK–, and JNK-dependent pathways.

Zbtb20 is an important regulator of effector and memory CD8 T cell immunometabolism.

Differentiation to a memory precursor phenotype is favored by Zbtb20 deficiency.

CD8 T cells deficient in Zbtb20 confer enhanced protection against tumors.

Neutralization of IL-2 in vivo does not immediately disrupt Treg cell function.

Treg cells maintain normal IL-2 signaling with the CD25 Ab PC61 in vivo.

Stage 3 and 4A but not 4B NKDIs retain non–NK ILC developmental potential.

Notch activation in the presence of stroma promotes ILC2 and ILC3 differentiation.

NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 regulate ILC differentiation from stage 3 and 4A cells.

Macrophages are “whistle blowers” to initiate emergency myelopoiesis in zebrafish.

The IL-1b–NF-κB&C/ebpβ axis is crucially involved in the emergency myelopoiesis.

P. pentosaceus MVs possess potent anti-inflammatory immunotherapeutic potential.

P. pentosaceus MVs upregulate IL-10, Arg-1, and PD-L1 levels on myeloid cells.

MVs promote M2-like macrophage and MDSC differentiation.

A substantial number of recovered subjects (20%) have no or low titers of NAbs.

Recovery from infection does not seem solely dependent on high NAb titers.

NAb titers are correlated well with severity of disease and age of the affected.

HIV seeding occurs early in different tissues and anatomical sites.

HIV tissue spread is cell type–, tissue-, and ART-dependent.

HIV uses tunneling nanotube–like structures to infect neighboring cells.

KSHV Abs mediate ADCC responses against lytically reactivated cells.

Over one-third of KSHV-seropositive individuals have ADCC responses.

ADCC does not differ between KS patients and asymptomatic controls.

Mucosal TB vaccine induces memory AwMs.

Vaccine-trained AwMs enhance anti-TB innate immunity.

Macrophage-mediated anti-TB innate immunity is independent of T cells and monocytes.

UPEC and E. faecalis have a tropism for the mouse prostate over the bladder.

There is no protective immune memory to a second bacterial prostate infection.

Bacterial uptake is altered in challenge infection compared with primary.

RIPK3 promotes pyrin inflammasome activation independent of its role in necroptosis.

RIPK3 modulates the mTOR pathway to regulate pyrin inflammasome activation.

Inhibition of mTOR promotes Mefv expression and pyrin inflammasome activation.

BP180 is expressed in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

BP180 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulates granulopoiesis.

Activation of TLR4 by heme or LPS triggers distinct signaling outcomes.

Heme signals via TLR4, Syk, and ROS to induce cytokine expression in macrophages.

Death due to hemolysis in mice depends on TLR4, TNFR1, and mitochondrial ROS.

iMo recruitment via CD11c and VLA-4 binding VCAM-1 is enhanced in cardiac patients.

CD11c mechanosignals phenotypic conversion of iMo to an inflammatory state.

ADAM17 on iMo cleaves membrane CD16, marking inflammatory gene activation.

SIRPα deficiency enables various inflammatory stimuli to confer sHLH/CSS in mice.

Macrophage depletion, but not IFN-γ neutralization, precludes sHLH in SIRPα^−/− mice.

SIRPα negatively regulates TLR9 signaling by inhibiting Erk1/2 and p38 activation.

C5aR2 is protective in gut ischemia-reperfusion injury.

C5aR2 negatively regulates C5aR1-induced neutrophil infiltration.

C5aR2 promotes neutrophil mobilization/egress from bone marrow.

Adrenic acid is the first omega-6 fatty acid with proresolving functions.

Adrenic acid inhibits leukotriene B₄ production, specifically in neutrophils.

Adrenic acid treatment alleviates leukotriene B₄–mediated experimental arthritis.

IgG1 Abs with different V regions bind to FcRn with different affinity.

The V region of IgG1 dictates the mechanism of molecular recognition by FcRn.

Formation of immune complexes modifies the mechanism of IgG binding to FcRn.

HLA-E*01:01, HLA-E*01:03, Mamu-E, and Qa-1^b have unique motifs.

Each MHC-E molecule binds alternative peptides with conserved main anchor residues.

Nonanchor residues can play an important role in peptide binding to MHC-E.

Flagellin induces GM-CSF production by AECs.

GM-CSF transactivates lung conventional dendritic cells.

GM-CSF drives the mucosal adjuvant activity of flagellin/TLR5.

MARCH E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate responses to anti-tumor Abs.

The tumor’s MARCH protein repertoire may determine sensitivity to those Abs.

Intratumoral 41BB agonism induces tumor regression in mouse models.

41BB agonism potentiates myeloid-mediated costimulation in tumors.

Activation of 41BBL but not 41BB in human APCs promotes costimulatory responses.

An MSS CRC patient responded rapidly to fruquintinib plus anti–PD-1 therapy.

Fruquintinib plus anti–PD-1 treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice.

Fruquintinib plus anti–PD-1 treatment led to an antitumor tumor microenvironment.

Tumor exosome–derived miR-183 regulates macrophage cytokine production.

miR-183 contributes to metastatic spread of breast tumors in vivo.

Myo9b deficiency in tumor cells and host mice both suppress the development of MPE.

TSAd expression mediated by Myo9b associates with T_H1/T_H17 cell differentiation.

Myo9b mediates MPE suppression by TSAd-dependent T_H1/T_H17 cell response regulation.