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IMMUNOLOGY NOTES AND RESOURCES
Metabolic Regulation of Inflammation and Its Resolution: Current Status, Clinical Needs, Challenges, and Opportunities
CUTTING EDGE
Cutting Edge: Subunit Booster Vaccination Confers Sterilizing Immunity against Liver-Stage Malaria in Mice Initially Primed with a Weight-Normalized Dose of Radiation-Attenuated Sporozoites
Weight-normalized RAS vaccination dosing in mice models human immunity.
RAS+subunit prime-boost vaccination induces immunity to liver-stage malaria in mice.
ALLERGY AND OTHER HYPERSENSITIVITIES
Metabolic Consequences of IgE- and Non-IgE–Mediated Mast Cell Degranulation
Mast cell metabolism varies between IgE- and non-IgE–mediated degranulation.
Non-IgE mast cell degranulation induces a stress response from metabolic insult.
Vps33B in Dendritic Cells Regulates House Dust Mite–Induced Allergic Lung Inflammation
Vps33B in DCs suppresses house dust mite–induced allergic lung inflammation.
Vps33B in DCs inhibits CD4+ T cell proliferation and Th2 differentiation.
Vps33B deficiency in cDC1s enhances ROS-mediated Th2 polarization in vitro.
AUTOIMMUNITY
B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation Are Promoted by IFN-λ in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
A type I IFN transcriptional profile is upregulated in SLE B cells.
Human B cells express type I IFN genes in response to IFN-λ (type III IFN).
IFN-λ may enhance TLR7-mediated B cell activation and PC differentiation in SLE.
Tupaia GBP1 Interacts with STING to Initiate Autophagy and Restrict Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection
Tree shrew GBP1 (tGBP1) binds to tSTING, tSQSTM1, and tLC3.
tGBP1 promotes autophagy upon HSV-1 infection.
tGBP1 inhibits HSV-1 infection.
CLINICAL AND HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY
Immune Responses to a Single Dose of the AZD1222/Covishield Vaccine at 16 Weeks in Individuals in Sri Lanka
Older individuals had lower Ab titers at 16 wk AZD1222 postimmunization.
Significantly fewer ACE2 receptor blocking Abs were seen in older individuals.
A high frequency of memory T cell and B cell responses was seen in all ages.
IMMUNE REGULATION
FCRL1 Regulates B Cell Receptor–Induced ERK Activation through GRB2
FCRL1 recruits GRB2 to Y281 following BCR stimulus.
FCRL1 suppresses BCR-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation through GRB2.
FCRL1 controls transitional and mature B cell numbers and tonic ERK signals.
IFI16 Isoforms with Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Locations Play Differential Roles in Recognizing Invaded DNA Viruses
IFI16-iso1 locates in the cytoplasm, and IFI16-iso2 locates in the nucleus.
IFI16-iso1 mainly recognizes cytoplasmic viral DNA.
IFI16-iso1 and IFI16-iso2 play differential roles in host antiviral immunity.
The Autoimmune Risk R262W Variant of the Adaptor SH2B3 Improves Survival in Sepsis
Hypomorphic SH2B3 improves the sepsis response in humans and mice.
SH2B3 deficiency results in enhanced phagocytosis and rapid bacterial clearance.
Lack of SH2B3 augments myelopoiesis in sepsis.
IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Thymus-Derived CD4+CD8+ Cells Reside in Mediastinal Adipose Tissue and the Aortic Arch
DPs reside in the mediastinal adipose tissue and aortic arch.
Extrathymic DP presence depends on the thymus and RAG2 expression.
Extrathymic DPs migrate locally.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND HOST RESPONSE
The Microbial Composition of Penaeid Shrimps’ Hepatopancreas Is Modulated by Hemocyanin
Intracellular hemocyanin affects microbiota homeostasis in shrimp hepatopancreas.
Hemocyanin modulates ROS levels to change hepatopancreas bacterial composition.
Low hemocyanin induces mitochondrial dysfunction to affect energy and ROS production.
INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION
Myeloid-Specific Deficiency of Long-Chain Acyl CoA Synthetase 4 Reduces Inflammation by Remodeling Phospholipids and Reducing Production of Arachidonic Acid–Derived Proinflammatory Lipid Mediators
Deficiency of Acsl4 in rpMACs reduces arachidonic acid levels in phospholipids.
Arachidonic acid–derived mediators are reduced in stimulated Acsl4-deficient rpMACs.
In response to stimulation, myeloid Acsl4 deficiency reduces inflammation.
African Swine Fever Virus pI215L Negatively Regulates cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway through Recruiting RNF138 to Inhibit K63-Linked Ubiquitination of TBK1
ASFV pI215L is the strongest inhibitory effector on the production of type I IFN.
pI215L recruits RNF138 to inhibit K63-linked ubiquitination of TBK1.
Circular RNA circSamd4a Regulates Antiviral Immunity in Teleost Fish by Upregulating STING through Sponging miR-29a-3p
miR-29a-3p can inhibit STING expression in teleost fish.
circSamd4a can adsorb miR-29a-3p through ceRNA mechanism to promote STING expression.
circSamd4a enhances antiviral immunity by promoting STING expression.
β-Glucan Induces Distinct and Protective Innate Immune Memory in Differentiated Macrophages
β-Glucan protects mice from i.p. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
Macrophages contribute to β-glucan–induced protection in vivo.
β-Glucan rewires macrophage function and metabolism independently of Dectin-1.
AIM2 Suppresses Inflammation and Epithelial Cell Proliferation during Glomerulonephritis
AIM2 is expressed in podocytes in normal kidney.
AIM2 suppresses glomerular epithelial proliferation and promotes podocyte phenotype.
AIM2 attenuates inflammation mediated by the ALR locus during glomerulonephritis.
HIF-1α Regulation of Cytokine Production following TLR3 Engagement in Murine Bone Marrow–Derived Macrophages Is Dependent on Viral Nucleic Acid Length and Glucose Availability
HIF-1α amplifies inflammatory responses in mouse BMM following TLR3 engagement.
Amplification is more pronounced in low glucose and is independent of glycolysis.
Increased HIF-1α was linked to PKM2 in the nucleus and mitochondrial ROS production.
Air Bubbles Activate Complement and Trigger Hemostasis and C3-Dependent Cytokine Release Ex Vivo in Human Whole Blood
Air bubbles trigger a C3-driven thromboinflammation in human whole blood.
Blocking C3, but not C5, attenuates the air-induced inflammation.
Avoiding ambient air in test tubes attenuates thromboinflammation.
Inflammatory Monocytes and Subsets of Macrophages with Distinct Surface Phenotype Correlate with Specific Integrin Expression Profile during Murine Sepsis
Tissue homing Ly-6Chi monocytes express integrin α4 during systemic inflammation.
Macrophages demonstrate an immunosuppressive phenotype in the lungs.
F4/80+CD206hi macrophages express a high level of integrin αv and TGFBR1.
MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL IMMUNOLOGY
A Structural Basis for Inhibition of the Complement Initiator Protease C1r by Lyme Disease Spirochetes
We provide a structural basis for inhibition of complement by a bacterial protein.
This study improves our knowledge of how pathogens evade early complement steps.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
IL-36α Enhances Host Defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in C57BL/6 Mouse Corneas
IL-36 signaling is upregulated and protects mouse corneas from P. aeruginosa infection.
IL-36α modulates inflammation and enhances antimicrobial effectors.
IL-36 promotes IL-22 and Th2 response; IL-22 blocking worsens P. aeruginosa keratitis.
SYSTEMS IMMUNOLOGY
Single-Cell Analysis of the In Vivo Dynamics of Host Circulating Immune Cells Highlights the Importance of Myeloid Cells in Avian Flaviviral Infection
The single-cell transcriptomic landscape of duck PBLks defines 14 populations.
Myeloid cells may play important roles in avian flaviviral infection.
CORRECTIONS
Correction: SIGIRR Negatively Regulates IL-36–Driven Psoriasiform Inflammation and Neutrophil Infiltration in the Skin
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Cover Image
Cover Image
On the cover: Three-dimensional whole mount imaging of a cleared thymus with mediastinal adipose tissue (MAT) and the aortic arch stained for CD4 (green), CD8α (red), CD31 (pink), and nuclei (Hoechst). CD4+CD8α+ cells (yellow) form clusters in the MAT and in the adventitia of the lower curvature of the aortic arch. Winkels, H., Y. Ghosheh, K. Kobiyama,W. B. Kiosses, M. Orecchioni, E. Ehinger, V. Suryawanshi, S. Herrera-De LaMata, P.Marchovecchio, T. Riffelmacher, N. Thiault, M. Kronenberg, D.Wolf, G. Seumois, P. Vijayanand, and K. Ley. 2021. Thymus-derived CD4+CD8+ cells reside in mediastinal adipose tissue and the aortic arch. J. Immunol. 207: 2720–2732.
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