Issues

• Elevating expression of the NF-κB regulatory Nfkbid gene inhibits T1D in NOD mice.

• Elevated Nfkbid levels enhance thymic deletion of diabetogenic CD8 T cells.

• Elevating Nfkbid increases Treg numbers and activity partly inhibiting T1D.

• The proportions of immune cells and autoimmune and virus-related genes change in pSS.

• Cell communication of TGF-β and CD30 among immune cells was abnormal in pSS patients.

• Single-cell TCR and BCR repertoires do not change much in pSS patients.

• Acetylcholine and fatty acids/oxylipins are associated with severe COVID-19.

• Glucocorticoids reduce acetylcholine levels and favor COVID-19 survival.

• Complement component C3 suppresses 1α-hydroxylase in sinonasal epithelial cells.

• The active metabolite 1,25(OH)₂D₃ suppresses sinonasal epithelial cell release of C3.

• A rapid and specific tracing method quantifies circulating CD207⁺ and CD1a⁺ cells in LCH.

• Cellular status will help prognostic accuracy and follow-up with a noninvasive procedure.

• Both CVA16 and EV-A71 infection induced a persistent humoral immune response.

• Compared with EV-A71 infection, the CVA16-induced NAb response was significantly lower.

• Our findings showed that sampling time and clinical severity had effects on the NAb response.

• CD11b^high B cells are a distinct subset of B cells that increase with aging.

• CD11b^high B cells are increased in both young and aged brains after stroke.

• CD11b^high B cells can regulate microglia phenotypes and increase phagocytosis.

• ICOS-deficient Treg cells can suppress spontaneous autoimmunity.

• ICOS-deficient Treg cells show impaired differentiation of Th1-Treg cells.

• Plasmalogen activates GPCR21 to regulate the cytolytic activity of human NK cells.

• GPCR21 is glycosylated in the NK cells after recognition with the target cells.

• Oral ingestion of plasmalogen inhibits tumor growth and viral proliferation in mice.

• CP potentiates RGNNV proliferation by suppressing the RLR-IFN signaling pathway.

• CP promotes LjRNF114-mediated K48 ubiquitination and degradation of LjTRAF3.

• CP promotes the K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of LjIRF3.

• AGMs downregulate CD4 from their Th cells to avoid pathogenicity from SIV.

• ATACseq showed the CD4 locus loses accessibility in these cells.

• Additional changes reveal that epigenetics plays an important role.

• Mavs expression in alveolar macrophages maintains resistance against A. fumigatus.

• An SNP in MAVS is associated with a risk of developing invasive aspergillosis.

• Chemorepulsion mechanisms are conserved between Dictyostelium and human neutrophils.

• Male and female neutrophils have differences in chemorepulsion mechanisms.

• Male and female neutrophils have differences in protein levels and localization.

• LRP5/6 signaling in myeloid cells protects against colitis-associated AKI.

• LRP5/6 signaling in macrophages regulates the responsiveness to commensal microbiota.

• LRP5/6 signaling limits microbiota-induced systemic and renal inflammation.

• KIR2DS2 is associated with high functional activity of NK cells.

• KIR2DS2⁺ NK cells possess a transcriptomic profile associated with cytotoxicity.

• Endogenous β-glucosylceramide (β-GlcCer) is a specific NET-inducing ligand of Mincle.

• β-GlcCer–induced NETs are antimicrobial and require glycolysis and autophagy.

• Cell-free β-GlcCer in infection and inflammation may have diagnostic potential.

• Adenosine significantly relieves the severity of NEC via regulating MDSCs.

• Adenosine enhances the immunosuppressive and antibacterial activity of MDSCs.

• Adenosine facilitates the migration of MDSCs to gut via CXCR2.

• Porcine and chicken STING but not cGAS exhibit species disparity.

• The species specificity of STING matches up to downstream IRF3/7.

• IRF3 works with only porcine STING, whereas IRF7 works with both porcine and chicken STING.