Issues

This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Chromatin–IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and Toll-like receptors,” a pivotal article written by E. A. Leadbetter, I. R. Rifkin, A. M. Hohlbaum, B. C. Beaudette, M. J. Shlomchik and A. Marshak-Rothstein, and published in Nature in 2002. https://www.nature.com/articles/416603a.

• A functionally active SNP in the TOLLIP promoter is associated with decreased IL-12.

• TOLLIP participates in DC maturation during M. tuberculosis infection.

• IL-22 is produced by conventional CD4+ T cells that require TCR engagement.

• Th22 cells are markedly reduced during TB and HIV coinfection compared to Th1 cells.

• Th22 cells exhibit shared and distinct features compared to Th1 and Th17 cells.

• Carma3^−/− mice show exacerbated liver injury in Con A–induced hepatitis model.

• Carma3 deficiency causes increased mitochondria damage in LSEC upon Con A stimulation.

• Heparin pretreatment can prevent Con A–induced liver injury.

• T1D is initiated and driven by multiple diabetogenic CD4⁺ T cell epitopes.

• Tolerance to individual epitopes/proteins fails to inhibit T1D development.

• Tolerance to a cocktail of diabetogenic proteins inhibits T1D development.

• Deacetylation of hemocyanin increases its LPS binding and antibacterial activity.

• The K481/484 residues on hemocyanin are critical for binding with bacteria or LPS.

• HDAC3 and TIP60 regulate the acetylation of hemocyanin on K481/484.

• BspI negatively regulates proinflammatory responses during Brucella infection.

• BspI suppresses proinflammatory responses via the IRE1–TRAF2–NF-κB pathway.

• BspI-inhibited NF-κB activation requires its GAP domain.

• A CD135⁺ subset was identified within mouse CD115⁺CD11b⁺ monocytes.

• CD135⁺ monocytes exhibited Ag-presenting functions.

• CD135⁺ monocytes were direct progeny of MDPs but not of cMoPs.

• HVEM and LTβR are broadly expressed on tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ T, NK, and myeloid cells.

• LIGHT binding to HVEM/LTβR activates Fc-independent myeloid/T/NK cell activation.

• TIGIT-Fc-LIGHT induces anti tumor responses in CPI primary/acquired resistant tumors.

• A novel multiplexed assay isolates polyfunctional T cells for downstream analyses.

• We identified surface markers upregulated on vaccine-specific polyfunctional CD4 T cells.

• A signature predicts a CD4 T cell profile correlated with reduced risk of HIV infection.

• rs610913 is a frequent, nonsynonymous variant in the cGAS-encoding gene MB21D1.

• cGAS(WT) and cGAS (P261H) maintain a baseline cellular antiviral state.

• cGAS(WT) and cGAS (P261H) share similar DNA-sensing and antiviral capacities.

• Neutrophils and monocytes produce IL-1α and IL-1β in P. aeruginosa–infected corneas.

• P. aeruginosa is more rapidly killed in infected Il1a^−/− compared with WT corneas.

• Il1a^−/− neutrophils have a more proinflammatory transcriptome with elevated C1q.

• Vitamin D generates a cell state less permissive for Chandipura virus infections.

• Vitamin D triggers autoregulatory T1-IFN–IRF7 signaling, basally.

• Downmodulating RelB NF-κB, vitamin D provokes antiviral type 1 IFN signaling.

• Icam1 mRNA is elevated in islets from female versus male NOD mice.

• ICAM-1 protein abundance is greater in hyperglycemic female NOD mice.

• IL-1β rapidly upregulates expression of the Icam1 gene in β-cells.

• LvHSP70 promotes PRR expression of LvTRL2, LvTRL5, and LvLGBP.

• LvHSP70 interacts with LvLGBP-driven innate immunity and activates the proPO system.

• LvHSP70 acts as a DAMP and activates the proPO cascade by interacting with free LvLGBP.

• Ag immunization significantly upregulates the tilapia IgM Ab affinity.

• Affinity influences the isomeric structure and high mannose modification of IgM.

• High-affinity IgM plays an important role in regulating phagocytosis.

• Human macrophages infiltrate human melanoma in mice, which is associated with metastasis.

• Tumor-infiltrating macrophages have a unique transcriptional signature.

• Similar macrophages are found in melanoma patient samples.

• PPP2R2D limits T cell exhaustion by controlling chromatin accessibility.

• PPP2R2D deficiency in T cells promotes tumor growth of melanoma.

• PPP2R2D deficiency in T cells expands the Treg population in tumor-infiltrating T cells.

• The NKG2A/Qa-1^b axis inhibits RT-induced T cell responses.

• Combined RT plus NKG2A/PD-1 blockade improved survival in B16F10 tumors.