Issues
TOP READS
BRIEF REVIEWS
Targeting NAD+ Metabolism to Modulate Autoimmunity and Inflammation
Tissue-Resident Macrophages in Solid Organ Transplantation: Harmful or Protective?
CUTTING EDGE
Cutting Edge: Phagosome-associated Autophagosomes Containing Antigens and Proteasomes Drive TAP-Independent Cross-Presentation
Canonical autophagy drives TAP-independent Ag cross-presentation.
LC3A/B-positive vesicles associate with the phagosome.
Proteasomes localize within the lumen of LC3A vesicles associated with phagosomes.
Cutting Edge: Hypoxia Sensing by the Histone Demethylase UTX (KDM6A) Limits Colitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Mucosal Inflammation
Hypoxia impairs the activity of the epigenetic regulator UTX in CD4+ T cells.
UTX impairment protects against colonic inflammation in an IBD mouse model.
UTX loss downregulates inflammatory Th1 and increases suppressive Treg responses.
Cutting Edge: The Tetraspanin CD53 Promotes CXCR4 Signaling and Bone Marrow Homing in B Cells
Normal and malignant B cells lacking CD53 have impaired CXCL12-directed migration.
CD53 is a novel binding partner of CXCR4 in B cells.
CD53 promotes CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling and marrow homing in B cells.
AUTOIMMUNITY
Fosl2 Deficiency Predisposes Mice to Osteopetrosis, Leading to Bone Marrow Failure
Fosl2 loss skews HSCs towards myeloid cell differentiation.
Fosl2 loss induces osteopetrosis in mice, causing bone marrow failure.
Repositioning the Early Pathology of Type 1 Diabetes to the Extraislet Vasculature
The initial pathology of T1D is located outside the islet basement membrane.
A postcapillary venule–associated cell population expresses MHC class II molecules.
An extraislet tertiary lymphoid structure is necessary for progression of disease.
CLINICAL AND HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY
Low Percentage of Perforin-Expressing NK Cells during Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Consumption Rather than Primary Deficiency
COVID-19 presents low percentages of perforin-expressing NK cells.
This was not linked to disease severity but anticorrelated with NK degranulation.
A primary perforin deficiency does not seem to be a driver of COVID-19.
IMMUNE REGULATION
Fish Uses CTLA-4 Immune Checkpoint to Suppress mTORC1-Controlled T-Cell Glycolysis and Immunity
CTLA-4 suppresses T cell activation, proliferation, and effector function of tilapia.
Tilapia CTLA-4 competes with CD28 for B7 binding.
CTLA-4 inhibits mTORC1/c-Myc axis–controlled T cell glycolysis and immunity.
Cytotoxic Programming of CD4+ T Cells Is Regulated by Opposing Actions of the Related Transcription Factors Eos and Aiolos
Eos positively regulates cytotoxic programming in CD4+ T cells.
Eos promotes IL-2 and IL-15 cytokine receptor expression.
Aiolos antagonizes STAT5-dependent induction of Eos expression.
Critical Role of CD55 in Controlling Wound Healing
Disabling CD55 globally accelerates the growth of multiple cell types.
Potentiated C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling integrates with the signaling of receptor RTKs.
Failed Downregulation of PI3K Signaling Makes Autoreactive B Cells Receptive to Bystander T Cell Help
DNA-reactive B cells require CD40 signaling to mount an autoantibody response.
Bystander CD4 T cells can provide T cell help to support an autoantibody response.
Enhanced PI3K signaling makes autoreactive B cells receptive to bystander T cell help.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND HOST RESPONSE
Role for Caspase-8 in the Release of IL-1β and Active Caspase-1 from Viable Human Monocytes during Toxoplasma gondii Infection
T. gondii infection induces IL-1β release from human peripheral blood monocytes.
Caspase-8 is not required for IL-1β cleavage but is critical for IL-1β release.
IL-1β is released via a pathway that is independent of cell death, GSDME, or ATG7.
INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION
Molecular Interactions Required for Activation of Complement Component C2 Include Exosites Located on the Serine Protease Domain of C1s and Mannose-Binding Lectin Associated Protease-2
This study highlights a unique C1s/MASP-2 interaction with the vWF domain of C2.
This insight reveals a previously unexplored aspect of complement activation
CLEC-1 Restrains Acute Inflammatory Response and Recruitment of Neutrophils following Tissue Injury
CLEC-1 represses CXCL-2–dependent neutrophil recruitment.
CLEC-1 prevents additional tissue damage following injury.
Astaxanthin Inhibits STING Carbonylation and Enhances Antiviral Responses
Astaxanthin reduces HSV-1–induced lipid peroxidation and STING carbonylation.
Astaxanthin promotes STING translocation to the Golgi apparatus and oligomerization.
Astaxanthin selectively enhances the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–STING pathway and inhibits HSV-1 replication.
The Role of Fc Receptors in the Innate Immune System of Flounders Purported to Be Homologs of FcγRII and FcγRIII
FcγRIII participates in cytokine production and bacterial killing in flounder B cells.
FcγRIII can rebind onto the surface of flounder B cells.
Platelet-derived ADAM17 can regulate the shedding of FcγRIII from flounder B cells.
MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL IMMUNOLOGY
Structural and Functional Characterization of a Fish Type I Subgroup d IFN Reveals Its Binding to Receptors
We solve the crystal structure of a fish type I subgroup d IFN, LcIFNd.
LcIFNd activates the conserved JAK-STAT pathway by binding with CRFB1 and CRFB5.
We identify key amino acids of LcIFNd that interact with receptors.
CD109 Attenuates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β Signaling
The mice overexpressing CD109 were resistant to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
CD109 protein inhibits pulmonary fibrosis development via inhibiting TGF-β signaling.
CD109 might be a novel therapeutic candidate for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY
IDO1 Inhibition Promotes Activation of Tumor-intrinsic STAT3 Pathway and Induces Adverse Tumor-protective Effects
Single-cell sequencing revealed that IDO1 inhibition activates JAK2-STAT3 in tumor cells.
Coinhibition of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway and IDO1 effectively reduced tumor growth.
NOVEL IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS
Cross-Platform Comparison of Highly Sensitive Immunoassays for Inflammatory Markers in a COVID-19 Cohort
Alamar NULISAseq demonstrated the highest overall detectability.
Alamar and Olink showed the greatest concordance in pairwise platform comparisons.
Our study reinforces previous findings related to severity in COVID-19.
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Cover Image
Cover Image
On the cover: Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) associated to a NOD mouse islet. The TLS is limited by a LYVE-1⁺ endothelium and drains into a neolymphatic. The TLS is filled with CD4⁺ T cells (red). Costanzo, A., D. Clarke, M. Holt, S. Sharma, K. Nagy, X. Tan, L. Kain, B. Abe, S. Luce, C. Boitard, T. Wyseure, L. O. Mosnier, A. Su, C. Grimes, M.G. Finn, P. B. Savage, M. Gottschalk, J. Pettus, and L. Teyton. 2024. Repositioning the early pathology of type 1 diabetes to the extraislet vasculature. J. Immunol. 212: 1094–1104.
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