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J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 765.

AUTOIMMUNITY

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 767–778.

  • C/EBPδ is elevated in mouse and human AGN.

  • IL-17–induced C/EBPδ promotes expression of renal-damaging genes.

  • Cebpd−/− and Il17ra−/− mice are refractory to AGN and exhibit fibrosis in renal injury.

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 779–794.

  • Intraislet Tregs have a uniquely dysfunctional phenotype compared to periphery Tregs.

  • Augmenting Nrp1 specifically on Tregs causes a delay or prevention of diabetes onset within the NOD model.

  • Transcriptional analysis showed that Nrp1+ and Nrp1 Tregs exhibit significant differences regardless of tissue site.

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 795–807.

  • Lactate is crucial for cytosolic mtDNA to induce IFN-I responses.

  • Lactate promotes lactylation of cGAS, thereby inhibiting its ubiquitination.

  • Targeting lactate alleviates disease development in humanized SLE chimeras.

CLINICAL AND HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 808–822.

  • Neutralizing anti–IFN-α and IFN-β Abs were cloned from PBMCs.

  • This study identified two pairs of natural mAbs capable of neutralizing IFN-α or IFN-β.

  • The identified mAbs have potential usage for therapeutic strategies.

IMMUNE REGULATION

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 823–830.

  • IL-9-secreting T cells in chronic inflammation are polyfunctional.

  • Activin A promotes a polyfunctional Th cell phenotype.

  • Activin A–primed Th cells promote robust allergic airway inflammation.

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 831–842.

  • Calcitriol suppresses IL-4 and IL-13 production in murine and human Th2 cells in vitro.

  • Calcitriol regulates Th2 phenotype by modulating the expression of Gata3 and Gfi1.

  • Ecr, key enhancer of Il4 and Il13, is essential for calcitriol-mediated regulation.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND HOST RESPONSE

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 843–852.

  • Vaccination with O-mannans induces trained immunity by innate lymphocytes.

  • O-mannan vaccination protects mice heterologously against C. albicans infection.

  • Trained immunity by innate lymphocytes requires neutrophils for protection.

INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 853–864.

  • Neutrophils swarm Cmv5s marginal zones early and die, bringing oxidative stress.

  • Neutrophil clusters and spreading virus surround highly infected SIGNR1+ MZMs.

  • Macrophage loss mirrors spatial and temporal appearance of Cmv5s tissue damage.

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 865–875.

  • Inflammasome activation in renal mononuclear phagocytes activates profibrotic ILC3.

  • Inflammasome-derived IL-1β and the type 3 immunity cytokine IL-23 expand renal ILC3.

  • IL-23 inhibition reduced ILC3–phagocyte cross-talk and reduced kidney fibrosis.

MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL IMMUNOLOGY

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 876–885.

  • The structure of W6/32 in complex with HLA-I definitively maps the epitope.

  • W6/32 directly blocks LILR and indirectly blocks KIR and TCR binding to HLA-I.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 886–897.

  • Colonic Tregs bifurcate into two functionally distinct activation trajectories.

  • Microbiota shifts colonic Tregs to enhanced PD-1 CXCR3+ suppressive phenotype.

  • Microbiota-induced IL-10high CXCR3+ Treg accumulates at the onset of inflammation.

TRANSPLANTATION

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 898–905.

  • CD4 T cells mediate type1 and cytotoxic immune response during lung allograft rejection.

  • Increased cytotoxic CD4+NKG7+ T cells in IL-10KO mice during ACR.

  • IL-10 regulates alloeffector CD4 T cells.

TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY

J Immunol (2024) 213 (6): 906–918.

  • IV anti-CD45.2 label lasts for 3 days and tracks leukocyte migration to tissue.

  • There is continuous innate and adaptive leukocyte migration in a model of lung cancer.

  • Blocking or preventing systemic Treg recruitment results in tumor burden reduction.

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