Expression and function of TLRs and TLR-associated molecules by the intestinal innate immune systema
| TLRs . | TLR Expression in Human Intestine (in vivo or primary cells) . | . | |
|---|---|---|---|
| . | Large intestine . | Small intestine . | |
| 1 | + RNA (8 9 ) (function unknown) | + RNA (88 ) | |
| 2 | + RNA (8 9 ) (function unknown) | +* Ileum protein (89 ), RNA functional (6 ) | |
| 3 | + Protein (89 ) RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | + Protein (89 ) | |
| 4 (MD2) | + RNA (5 ), protein (89 ), RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | + Protein (89 ) | |
| 5 | + Protein (89 ), RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | + Ileum protein (89 ) | |
| 6 | + RNA (8 9 ) (function unknown) | ND | |
| 7 | + RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | + RNA (90 ) | |
| 8 | + RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | −RNA (90 ) | |
| 9 | + RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | + Ileum protein (31 ) | |
| 10 | Not expressed (91 ) | ND | |
| TLRs . | TLR Expression in Human Intestine (in vivo or primary cells) . | . | |
|---|---|---|---|
| . | Large intestine . | Small intestine . | |
| 1 | + RNA (8 9 ) (function unknown) | + RNA (88 ) | |
| 2 | + RNA (8 9 ) (function unknown) | +* Ileum protein (89 ), RNA functional (6 ) | |
| 3 | + Protein (89 ) RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | + Protein (89 ) | |
| 4 (MD2) | + RNA (5 ), protein (89 ), RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | + Protein (89 ) | |
| 5 | + Protein (89 ), RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | + Ileum protein (89 ) | |
| 6 | + RNA (8 9 ) (function unknown) | ND | |
| 7 | + RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | + RNA (90 ) | |
| 8 | + RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | −RNA (90 ) | |
| 9 | + RNA (9 ) (function unknown) | + Ileum protein (31 ) | |
| 10 | Not expressed (91 ) | ND | |
In most cases, expression of specific TLRs and signaling molecules have been assessed but the function in vivo has not been ascertained. +, TLR has been shown to be expressed. We have indicated whether expression is positive at the RNA, protein level, or both. An asterisk (*) denotes that protein and RNA are expressed, and the receptor has been shown to be functional in response to the appropriate ligand.